Higher education policy change and the hysteresis effect: Bourdieusian analysis of transformation at the site of a post-apartheid university     

Wayne Peter Dirk  Derik Gelderblom 《Higher Education》2017,74(2):341-355

In this article we focus on constraints to post-apartheid transformation in the higher education sector of South Africa via a case study of an attempt to introduce a new curriculum for the Bachelor of Education. Thirty-one semi-structured interviews were the main data-gathering method. We use Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts of field, capital, habitus and hysteresis to explain why transformation proved difficult in this case. We analyse the higher education field that gave rise to this curriculum with a brief historical overview of the position of Afrikaners as the dominated part of the dominant white group in the early years of the twentieth century. Their lack of cultural, economic and intellectual capital gave rise to a position-taking that placed Afrikaans language universities in general and Faculties of Education in particular into the heteronomous part of the higher education field. At first the curriculum, and their intellectual habitus, was in synch. However, it started to drift apart because of a number of economic and political changes that made their position at the heteronomous part of the higher education field increasingly untenable. Because of their insulation from the wider higher education field, academics in the Faculty of Education were at first only vaguely aware of the implications of these changes. However, when a dean was appointed in 2000 with a mandate to transform the curriculum for the BEd, they experienced hysteresis, and they were no longer feeling at home in the field. This explains why the new curriculum was consequently substantially subverted.  相似文献   

Tablets as an educational tool for enhancing preschool science     

Melina Furman  Susan De Angelis  Enzo Dominguez Prost  Inés Taylor 《International Journal of Early Years Education》2019,27(1):6-19

Information communication technologies (ICT) is increasingly being introduced in the preschool level, but questions have been raised regarding its potential to develop content knowledge or specific skills. This quasi-experimental study looked into the impact that hand-held tablets can have on science learning outcomes in five-year-olds. Four classes from two preschool institutions in Buenos Aires, Argentina, were selected for a six-week intervention. All four classes received training and an inquiry-based science teaching sequence, with one group from each institution also receiving tablets and specific guidance on how to incorporate them into their science lessons. Post-intervention test results showed significant improvements in science outcomes for all students, but no significant difference between the tablet-enhanced classrooms and those taught without ICT. Challenges and opportunities are discussed with regard to including tablets for teaching science at the preschool level.  相似文献   

《狂人日记》多重意蕴阐释   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

解德枫 《南阳师范学院学报》2002,1(3):47-50

《狂人日记》，就其显在结构和表层的社会意义而言，是一篇“暴露家族制度和礼教的弊害”的控诉书，就其隐在结构和作的主观心灵投射而言，它又是一篇忏悔和绝望之作。运用本细读和传记批评的方法，可对其复杂的意蕴作出阐释。  相似文献   

拓展学科专业的探索与思考   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周德俭  徐建平  吴晓鸣 《高教论坛》2003,(3):4-7,10

对单科性工科院校向多学科型院校发展历程中的学科专业拓展问题进行了探讨和分析，对学科专业拓展与高校发展和改革等问题之间的内在联系进行了揭示和论述。  相似文献   

民族地区教育贫困治理的历史回溯、现实转向与发展抉择     

苏德  李欣融  张良 《民族高等教育研究》2021,(1)

民族地区教育贫困治理是我国教育治理的重要组成部分。回顾历史,民族地区教育贫困治理目标实现了物质层面与精神层面的全面脱贫,治理理念实现了从区域公平向群体公平的回归,治理方法凸显了智力层面与能力层面的共同帮扶。在新的时代背景下,民族教育贫困治理目标需从全面补齐短板转为教育优质发展,治理理念需从群体公平转向个体权利公平,治理方法需从外部被动给予转向内部需求关照。面向未来,民族教育不仅需要着眼教师培养,积极构建教师教学共同体,促进民族地区教育优质发展,而且需要关照教育过程公平,重视“小微学校”建设,促进学校育人功能发挥,更需要关照民族学子的需求,开展文化认同教育。  相似文献   

“中国近现代史纲要”课程的实践总结及理论思考     

步德胜  王磊  马冀 《忻州师范专科学校学报》2008,(4):99-101

“中国近现代史纲要”是新形势下高校开设的一门公共必修课,该课具有历史课与政治理论课的双重特点,有利于完善高校思想政治理论课程体系,有利于改变青年大学生淡忘历史的现象,有利于培养青年学生的爱国主义观念和高尚的道德情操。经过几年的教学实践,我们体会到,要顺利实现开课目的,必须制定正确的教学原则、教学方针、教学目标、教学内容、教学方法和考核方式。  相似文献   

The "how" and "why" of the ancient Greek long jump with weights: a five-fold symmetric jump in a row?     

Lenoir M  De Clercq D  Laporte W 《Journal of sports sciences》2005,23(10):1033-1043

A plausible explanation for the ancient long jump records from Greek antiquity is sought on the basis of pictorial and written sources, and corroborated with practical tests. Ancient sources report that athletes jumped more than 15 m with weights in their hands, which enabled them to jump further than without these weights. It is proposed that the ancient Greek long jump was a continuous succession of five standing broad jumps, in which the landing phase of one jump was also the countermovement for the next jump. Four trained athletes jumped further with (14.64 +/- 0.76 m, range 13.64-15.63 m) than without weights (13.88 +/- 0.70 m, range 12.60-14.75 m; P = 0.001). These results show that this technique is executable, fits with ancient written and pictorial sources, and allows trained modern athletes to jump distances well over 15 m. The extra distance jumped when using weights may be due to changes in the position of the jumper's centre of mass at take-off and at landing, and an increase in take-off velocity stemming from several biomechanical mechanisms.  相似文献   

Evidence for the interchangeability of an avoidance behavior and a negative occasion setter     

Declercq M  De Houwer J 《Learning & behavior》2008,36(4):290-300

Recent research on avoidance behavior provided evidence that such behavior can function as a negative occasion setter. We tested this hypothesis further by investigating whether the modulatory function of a stimulus occasion setter transfers selectively to a relation previously modulated by an avoidance behavior, and whether the modulatory function of an avoidance behavior transfers selectively to a relation previously modulated by a stimulus occasion setter. The three experiments reported in this article provided evidence to support this hypothesis. Furthermore, the results of Experiment 1 suggested that the presence of counterconditioning trials is not a necessary condition for an avoidance behavior to function as a negative occasion setter. All three reported experiments support the occasionsetting account of avoidance behavior.  相似文献   

Investigating salt decay of stone materials related to the environment,a case study in the St. James church in Liège,Belgium     

Sebastiaan Godts  Roald Hayen  Hilde De Clercq 《文物保护研究》2017,62(6):329-342

Salt crystallization is recognized as a major cause of damage to porous building materials, threatening the sustainable preservation of our valuable built heritage. Unfortunately, the crystallization behavior of the detected salt mixtures is complex and not fully understood. While the deliquescence points of single salts are well documented, this is not the case for salts in a mixture where one is confronted with the presence of different cations and anions. In this paper the salt content of the murals and the limestone tracery of the main entrance porch from the sixteenth century church of St. James in Liège, Belgium is investigated and related to the climatic conditions of its environment. Concerning the salt load, the research consists of hygroscopic moisture content measurements, quantitative ion analyses, and the prediction of phase equilibria using the thermodynamic model ECOS/RUNSALT. This model can predict the salt crystallization sequences of a particular ion mixture. The output is mathematically evaluated with collected temperature and relative humidity data, which enables the calculation of the number of salt crystallization–deliquescence cycles. The results show that even small amounts of salts can cause damage over a long period of time when the environment causes frequent cycles of crystallization–deliquescence over time. It is shown how a mixture of small amounts of (double) salts, including hygroscopic ones, can have a significant effect on the decay of historic building materials in the case of daily changing climatic conditions and periods of extreme drought. As a result, the crystallization of double salts and hygroscopic salts such as calcium nitrate cannot be ignored. The scientific method and the results are described.  相似文献   

Can LEDs help with art conservation? – Impact of different light spectra on paint pigment degradation     

Manuela Lunz  Elise Talgorn  Jannie Baken  Wiebe Wagemans  Dirk Veldman 《文物保护研究》2017,62(5):294-303

The impact of the spectral composition of light on the discoloration of paint pigments has been investigated for the case of lead chromate sulfate, an unstable yellow pigment used by Vincent van Gogh and other painters. With LEDification, museum lighting is moving from using halogen to LED lamps. LED light sources have a significantly different spectral composition than halogen lamps. To understand the impact of these differences on pigment stability, the wavelength dependence of pigment discoloration was determined. Contrary to the expectation that lower wavelength photons induce more damage than higher wavelength ones, UV (394?nm), blue, and cyan light all lead to similar levels of discoloration of a pigment for the same level of radiant power. By understanding this wavelength dependence, it becomes possible to create white light LED lamps with a spectral composition tuned to minimize the degradation effect. An existing LED solution with a modified emission indeed resulted in 30% less color change in the experiment than halogen. Furthermore, a method is proposed to optimize the LED spectra by tuning to the properties of each specific artifact. Simulations show that this can reduce the damage of the light source by 45% in specific cases.  相似文献